Hi Everyone, we hope you are all happy and healthy! Here we have four recent articles that we have enjoyed reading. 1. A new fungi control pine wood nematode, 2. Problems in the Research of Meliboeus ohbayashii Primoriensis 3. A new species of from Tectona grandis in India. 4. Present status and outlook of coconut development in Indonesia. 5. Insect pests of Citrus and their management
大家好，希望你们都健康快乐！这里我们分享5篇最近阅读的文章，1. 一种防治松材线虫的新真菌，2. 核桃缘吉丁研究中的相关问题，3. 产自印度南部柚木上的粉蚧新种，4. 印度尼西亚椰子产业发展的现状和展望，5. 印度柑橘害虫和防治。
Esteya floridanum sp. nov.: An Ophiostomatalean Nematophagous Fungus and its Potential to Control the Pine Wood Nematode
Esteya floridanum——一种杀线虫的长喙壳菌真菌新种和其对松材线虫的控制潜力
You Li, Haiying Yu, João P.M. Araújo, Xinfeng Zhang, Yingchao Ji, Jiri Hulcr – Phytopathology
The nematophagous fungal genus Esteya is reported as natural enemy of the pine wood nematode Bursapelenchus xylophilus, which causes pine wilt in Asia and Europe. During a survey of fungi associated with ambrosia beetles in Florida, USA, an undescribed Esteya species was found. A phylogenetic analysis based on LSU and β-tubulin DNA sequences supported this isolate as a new species, Esteya floridanum Y. Li, Araújo & Hulcr. Morphological and phylogenetic characteristics and a species description are provided here. The fungus was observed to kill the pine wood nematode in vitro. To evaluate its ability to protect trees against the pine wood nematode in vivo, the effect of prophylactic inoculation was tested on Pinus koraiensis and Larix olgensis in Liaoning, China. The results suggest that the fungus is not a plant pathogen and that it delays the wilt and postpones death of two conifer trees. This presents a potential new avenue for research on biocontrol of the pine wilt disease, and stresses the value of research on pest organisms in their native regions.
Esteya属真菌是一类杀线虫真菌，被发现是松材线虫的自然天敌。松材线虫在亚洲和欧洲造成了大量松树枯萎。在最近一次美国佛罗里达州的食菌小蠹共生真菌调查中，发现了一种未知的Esteya真菌，通过LSU和β-tubulin的序列分析，将该菌株描述为一新种Esteya floridanum。本文并提供了相关形态描述和系统发育数据。培养基的生测证实了该真菌可以杀死松材线虫，为了更好研究该真菌对树木的保护作用，在中国辽宁的红松Pinus koraiensis 和落叶松Larix olgensis也进行了针对松材线虫的预接种注射，结果显示，该真菌对植物无致病力，并且可以延缓两种针叶植物遭受嵩县线虫为害后的枯萎和死亡。实验证实了该真菌对控制松树枯萎病的潜力，同时强调了在入侵害虫原产地开展相关研究的价值。
https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHYTO-06-20-0229-R
Problems in the Research of Meliboeus ohbayashii primoriensis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
核桃缘吉丁研究中的相关问题
Cui Yaqin, Liu Suicun, Sun Yongming, Yao Limin – Advances in Biochemistry
At present, a series of researches on Meliboeus ohbayashii primoriensis mainly focus on the basic research of bioecology and multi-control methods, whereas, some problems still exist in the researches. In order to provide a better theoretical basis and scientific basis for comprehensive control for M. ohbayashii primoriensis. Based on referring to research literature of M. ohbayashii primoriensis, including the research status, existing problems and control technology. It has been clear about the host plants, scientific name correction and control method for M. ohbayashii primoriensis. It can provide guidance on the strong theoretical basis, and scientific foundation for the integrated control of walnut insect pest.
现在，虽然一系列关于核桃缘吉丁生物生态学和多途径防治的研究已经开展，但是，这些研究中存在一些问题，为了提出一个系统防治核桃缘吉丁更好的理论和科学基础，本文参考有关核桃缘吉丁研究进展、存在问题和防治技术的文献。发现关于核桃缘吉丁的寄主、学名修订、防治方法都已摸清，本文可以对核桃害虫提供有效的理论指导和技术基础。
http://article.advinbiochem.org/pdf/10.11648.j.ab.20190704.12.pdf
A new species of mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from Tectona grandis L.f. (Lamiaceae) in southern India
一种产自印度南部柚木上的粉蚧新种
Sunil J., Bindu K.J., Gullan P., T.V. Sajeev, E.V. Anoop – Zootaxa
A new species of mealybug, Formicococcus tectonae Joshi, Bindu & Gullan sp. n., is described and illustrated based on adult females collected from teak, Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae), in plantations in Thrissur district, Kerala, southern India. The mealybug lives in tunnels made by the teak trunk borer, Cossus cadambae (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Ants of a Tapinoma species were found in the tunnels, tending the mealybugs. The new mealybug is most similar morphologically to F. polysperes Williams and F. robustus (Ezzat & McConnell) comb. rev. A key to adult females of all the Formicococcus species recorded from India is provided.
根据采自印度南部喀拉拉邦柚木上的雌成虫，粉蚧新种Formicococcus tectonae被描述，该粉蚧生活于柚木木蠹蛾钻蛀的坑道内。一种酸臭蚁Tapinoma 会在此坑道内照顾该粉蚧。新粉蚧种类和F. polysperes与F. robustus形态上相似。本文还提供了相关来自印度的Formicococcus属粉蚧检索表。
https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4718.3.7
Present status and outlook of coconut development in Indonesia
印度尼西亚椰子产业发展的现状和展望
J. C. Alouw, S. Wulandari – IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a socioeconomically important palm in Indonesia, owned mostly by smallholders. Indonesia has the largest coconut palm-growing areas in the world, followed by the Philippines and India. The average national coconut productivity is still lower than the production potency of superior varieties. Indonesia and the Philippines contributed about 67% of crude coconut oil (CNO) export to global market. At present, the global market demand of coconut oil is fluctuating lead to the low price of CNO, while demand for certain coconut products such as coconut water, milk and flour is growing rapidly. This review provides an overview of the present status of coconut development in Indonesia, the recent advances in technologies for coconut improvement and outlook of coconut development toward 2045. Technological, political and socio economic issues including senility, pests and diseases, inferior varieties, poor agronomic practices, land conversion affected the low coconut production, while unfavorable supply chain, narrow product line, low product quality, monoculture-planting system might be affected the economic welfare of farmers. About 6.6 million farmers rely their main source of income on coconut and coconut based-products, which are mostly copra and CNO. Technological and institutional innovations for smallholder in coconut development become important strategies. Producing high value coconut products, establishment of seed farms, replanting of senile palms, pest and disease management, synergy among industries, farmers, and governments as well as research on finding more innovative technologies and technology transfer to solve existing problems are required to ensure the sustainability of coconut sector.
椰子（Cocos nucifera L.）是印度尼西亚的一种具有重要社会经济意义的棕榈植物，主要由小农阶级拥有。印度尼西亚拥有世界上最大的椰子种植区，其次是菲律宾和印度。全国椰子的平均生产力仍低于优良品种的生产能力。印度尼西亚和菲律宾向全球市场贡献了大约67％的粗椰子油（CNO）出口。当前，全球椰子油市场需求波动导致CNO价格低廉，而对某些椰子产品（例如椰子水、椰奶和椰粉）的需求正在迅速增长。该文概述了印度尼西亚椰子发展的现状、椰子改良技术的最新进展以及对将来2045年椰子产业发展的展望。技术、政治和包括老龄化、病虫害、劣等品种、不良农艺措施、土地流转影响了椰子产量低下、不良的供应链、狭窄的产品线、质量低下的产品喝单一品种-耕种系统等在内的社会经济问题都可能会影响农民的经济收益。大约有660万农民依靠椰子和椰子基产品作为主要收入来源，其中大部分为椰干和CNO。在椰子发展中，小农户的技术和体制创新成为重要战略因素。生产高价值的椰子产品、建立种子农场、更换衰老的棕榈树、病虫害防治、产业农民和政府之间的协同增效、寻找更多创新技术和技术转让以解决现有问题。这类的研究可确保椰子产业的可持续性。
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/418/1/012035/pdf
Insect pests of citrus and their management
柑橘害虫和防治
Nath, R. K., Sikha Deka – International Journal of Plant Protection
Citrus is one of the most important fruits and one of the largest fruit industries in the world, grown in more than 52 countries around the world. In India, 250 species of insects and mites have been reported infesting different species of citrus. Trunk borer, Leaf miner, citrus psylla, red scale, mealy bugs and aphids were recorded as major pests of khasi mandarin oranges in NEH region of India. These pests significantly contribute towards the citrus decline in the region. For management of these pests, diagnosis of the causes of decline, the rejuvenation schedule may be formulated with multi-disciplinary approach. More information is needed on some of the key elements required for environmentally friendly management. Biological control through augmentation and conservation of parasitoids integrated with other non-pesticide measures need to be tested with holistic approach in citrus. More attention should be given to the knowledge of the biology and ecology of parasitoid species. Bio-pesticides, including botanicals, can offer a safe and effective alternative to conventional insecticides for controlling the pest within an integrated pest management programme.
柑橘是世界上最重要的水果之一，同时也是世界上最大的水果产业之一，在全球超过52个国家/地区都有种植。在印度，据报道有250种昆虫和螨虫会为害不同种类的柑橘。在印度北东喜马拉雅地区，树干蛀虫，潜叶害虫，柑橘木虱，红介壳虫，粉虱和蚜虫被记录为卡西Khasi橘子的主要害虫。这些害虫极大影响了该地区柑桔的生长。为了控制这些害虫，需要采用多学科综合的方法来制定恢复计划。需要更多关环境友好的管理所需关键要素的信息，还需要通过整合包括其他非农药措施与通过增加和保护寄生性天敌进行生物控制的方法进行控制。应该更多地关注寄生性天敌的生物学和生态学知识。生物农药，包括植物源农药，可以在常规虫害综合治理计划中提供安全有效的替代传统杀虫剂的方法来控制虫害。
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20203000791
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