Hi Everyone, we hope you are all happy and healthy! Here we have four recent articles that we have enjoyed reading. 1. Pine needle blight on Japanese Red Pine 2. Emergent control system for Fall Armyworm 3. Report on Indian pests of Citrus 4. First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata on Carya illinoensis in China
大家好，愿你们都健康快乐！我们给大家分享近期阅读的四篇文章。1.山东日本赤松上的松针枯萎病2.草地贪夜蛾的应急控制系统3.印度柑橘类害虫的报道4. 链格孢菌引起安徽美洲山核桃叶斑病的首次报道
Incidence of pine needle blight and its relationship with site factors of Japanese red pine forests in the Kunyushan Mountains, East China
松针枯萎病在中国东部昆嵛山日本赤松林的发生率及其与立地因子的关系
Ruirui Hu, Jun Liang, Xian Xie, Yingjun Zhang, Xingyao Zhang – Global Ecology and Conservation
Pine needle blight (Pestalotiopsis funerea (Desm.) Steyaert) has caused major damage to the Japanese red pine (JRP, Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) forests in the Kunyushan Mountains region of Shandong, China. Site factors play an important role in the occurrence of JRP needle blight. The results show that JRP needle blight was a common disease in the Kunyushan Mountains, and 95.9% of the surveyed plots were affected. The DI and DSI of JRP needle blight were significantly affected by altitude, slope angle, and humus depth (p < 0.05), as well as highly significantly affected by slope shape and slope aspect. Overall, the occurrence of pine needle blight in forest land with low altitude, steep and shaded slopes, and thinner humus depth was higher than in other types of sample plots. Thus, the prevention of JRP needle blight should be the focus in this type of woodland.
松针枯萎病对中国山东昆嵛山地区的日本赤松造成了严重破坏。立地因子在日本赤松针枯萎病的发生中起重要作用。结果表明，针枯萎病是昆嵛山日本赤松的常见病，95.9％的调查样地均受到影响。日本赤松松针枯萎病的DI和DSI受海拔高度、坡度、腐殖质厚度(p <0.05)、坡形和坡向的显着影响。调查样地中，低海拔阴面的陡坡且腐殖质更薄的林地，松针枯萎病的发生率更高。因此，应重点预防此类林地的日本赤松针枯萎病。
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989420300676
Construction of an emergent control system of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Guangdong Province.
广东省草地贪夜蛾应急控制系统的构建
Zhang WanXian, Huang ChangAn, Tan YuTing, Zhang XinQian, Yang Wen, Yan WenJuan, Wang YongQing, Zhang ZhiXiang, Xu HanHong – Journal of Environmental Entomology
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a major agricultural pest. Since S. frugiperda invaded Yunnan Province in January, 2019, it has rapidly swept over many provinces and cities in China, posing a serious threat to China’s food security. Since the invasion of S. frugiperda was discovered in Guangdong Province, under the leadership, organization or support of government departments, a work programme was formulated, and a team of experts was set up to quickly carry out the work of monitoring and early warning, gene detection, bio-ecology research, screening of control agents, biological control experiments, luring and killing techniques experiments, investigation and monitoring, formulation of control scheme, demonstration and promotion, publicity and training, etc., forming a coordinating and efficient emergent control system of S. frugiperda.
草地贪夜蛾是一种主要的农业害虫。2019年1月入侵云南省后，迅速席卷中国许多其他省市，对中国的粮食安全构成了严重威胁。自广东省发现草地贪夜蛾入侵以来，在政府部门的领导、组织和支持下，制定了一项工作计划，并成立了专家小组以快速开展监测预警工作。通过基因检测、生物生态学研究、控制剂筛选、生物控制实验、诱杀实验、调查与监测、控制方案制定、论证与推广、宣传培训等，形成了协调有效的应急控制系统。
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20193520876
Survey on pests of acid lime, Citrus aurantifolia in Perambalur district and management of the major pest, the citrus leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella
印度Perambalur邦来檬的虫害调查及主要害虫柑桔潜叶蛾的管理
Stainton S Deepan M, Bharathi M, Indhumathi S, Jeeva S, Aparna A, Guhan Raj S, Achyuth M, Visvanath R, Pathma J – Journal of the Gujarat Research Society
A survey conducted in Perambalur district in the year 2015-16 showed that acid lime was grown in nearly ten villages covering a total area of 98.4 ha. Periodical survey to assess the pest prevalence at weekly intervals from December 2015 to May 2016 showed the presence of insect pests viz., Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner), Papilio demoleus(citrus butterfly), Toxoptera auranti(aphids) and Planococcus citri(mealy bug). Among them leaf miner incidence was found to be severe and it coincided with the new flush. Leaf miner incidence was initially noticed in the first fortnight of December after which it gradually increased and the incidence reached the peak in the first fortnight of February 2016 when the average mean temperature was around 29.8℃. Management of citrus leaf miner with insecticides such as spinosad 45%SC (0.34ml/l), dimethoate 30%EC (2ml/l), profenophos 50%EC (2.5ml/l), imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03ml/l),nicotine decoction 40% (30ml/l),neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% (50 g/l), neem oil 3% (30ml/l) and azadiractin 0.03%(15ml/l) showed that NSKE 5% was the best among all offering a reduction of around 74 per cent and 76 per cent over control in field trial I conducted at Hans Roever KVK and Field trial II conducted at JJ Garden respectively. Spinosad was found to be next best treatment offering a reduction of 71 per cent and 73 per cent over control in field trial I and II respectively.
2015-2016年度在印度Perambalur邦地区进行的一项调查显示，近10个村庄种植了占地98.4公顷的来檬。从2015年12月至2016年5月每周定期评估虫害流行情况，发现存在以下害虫，柑桔潜叶蛾、达摩凤蝶、二叉蚜和Planococcus citri。其中柑桔潜叶蛾的危害最为严重。调查最初，在12月中上旬发现柑桔潜叶蛾的为害，此后数量逐渐增加，并在2016年2月中上旬（日均温度29.8℃）达到虫害高峰。使用杀虫剂处理柑桔潜叶蛾，例如多杀菌素45％SC（0.34ml/l）、乐果30％EC（2ml/l）、丙酸芬太尼50％EC（2.5ml/l）、吡虫啉17.8SL（0.03ml/l）、尼古丁汤40％（30ml/l）、印楝种仁提取物（NSKE）5％（50g/l）、苦楝油3％（30ml/l）和印楝素0.03％（15ml/l），在Hans Roever KVK（试验I）和在JJ Garden（试验II）分别进行的野外实验中，NSKE 5％效果最佳，比对照降低约74％和76％。多杀菌素次之，与对照相比分别降低了71％和73％。
http://gujaratresearchsociety.in/index.php/JGRS/article/download/2393/1998
First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata on Carya illinoensis in China
由链格孢菌引起的美洲山核桃叶斑病在中国的首次报道
F. Wu, X. Q. Wu, W. L. Kong, Y. Zhang, T. Y. Wu, and X. R. Sun– Plant Disease
Pecan (Carya illinoensis) is an important tree for commercial nut production in North America and widely cultivated in China. In September 2019, leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves of C. illinoensis in an ecologic orchard in Chuzhou, Anhui, China (32°10′20″N, 118°20′12″E), with a disease incidence of 90%. The initial symptoms appeared as small circular to irregular dark brown or black spots on the leaves. The lesions enlarged and coalesced into large necrotic areas, which later resulted in leaf abscission and stunting. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata associated with leaf spot disease on C. illinoensis. This study provides a foundation to further investigate the biology, epidemiology, and management of this disease.
美洲山核桃是北美商业性坚果生产的重要树种，已在中国广泛种植。2019年9月，在中国安徽滁州生态果园的美洲山核桃叶片上观察到叶斑症状，发病率为90％。最初的症状表现为叶片上的小圆形至不规则的黑褐色或黑色斑点。病斑扩大合并成为更大的坏死区域，随后导致叶片脱落、发育迟缓。据悉，这是与美洲山核桃叶斑病相关的链格孢菌的首次报道。该项研究为进一步研究这种病害的生物学，流行及管理提供了参考。
https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2354-PDN
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