Hi Everyone, we hope you are all happy and healthy! Here we have four recent articles that we have enjoyed reading. 1. A new biocontrol strategy for Monochamus alternatus 2. First report (disease note) of a disease affecting Macademia trees 3. An overview of rubber tree diseases in Malaysia 4. Management of the Banana Pseudostem Weevil in India
大家好，希望你们都健康快乐！这里我们分享四篇最近阅读的文章。 1.一种新型生物防治松褐天牛的策略2.中国澳洲坚果病害的报道3.马来西亚橡胶树病害概述4.印度香蕉假茎象甲的管理
Colonization of Metarhizium anisopliae on the surface of pine tree logs: A promising biocontrol strategy for the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus
日本松褐天牛的新型生物防治对策：松木树皮上定殖绿僵菌
Jonk Cheol Kim, Sehyeon Baek, So Eun Park, Sihyeon Kim, Mi Rong Lee, Minsung Jo, Jae Song Im, Panjung Ha, Jae Sun Kim, Tae Young Shin – Fungal Biology
We investigated the colonization potential of five Metarhizium anisopliae isolates on pine tree surfaces under laboratory conditions, determined the influence of the pine bark extract on fungal growth and evaluated the insecticidal activity following colonization on the Japanese pine sawyer. Finally, the effect of colonization on adults pine sawyer was evaluated using the top three performing isolates (JEF-197, JEF-271 and JEF-279) under laboratory and field conditions. As a result, isolate JEF-197 showed the highest conidial production on the pine surfaces, and five isolates, including JEF-197, showed higher hyphal growth on autoclaved pine bark extract agar, compared to a water agar. Pine bark treated with the isolates showed 40–70 % mortality of adults pine sawyer. This work suggests that M. anisopliae isolate JEF-197 possibly colonized the pine surface and application of a conidial suspension on the pine logs as overwintering sites could be an effective strategy to control the pine sawyer.
在实验室条件下，我们调查了5个绿僵菌分离株在松树表面上的定殖力，确定了松树皮提取物对真菌生长的影响，并评估了真菌定殖后对日本松褐天牛的杀虫活性。最后，在实验室和野外条件下，对效力最高的3个分离株（JEF-197，JEF-271和JEF-279）定殖对成年松褐天牛的影响进行评估。结果，分离株JEF-197在松树表面上显示出最高的产孢量。包括JEF-197在内的5个分离株在灭菌过的松树皮提取物琼脂相比在水琼脂上，显示出更高的菌丝生长。用分离株处理后的成年松褐天牛的死亡率为40-70％。这项工作表明，绿僵菌分离株JEF-197可以定殖在松树表面，所以可在越冬点的松木使用分生孢子悬浮液处理，其有可能是控制松褐天牛的有效策略。
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614619301801
First Report of Husk Black Spot on Macadamia ternifolia Caused by Calonectria pentaseptata in China
真菌Calonectria pentaseptata 引起的澳洲坚果果壳黑斑的在中国首次报道
Jiang ZE, Xie J, Wei JG, Luo J, Wu J,Juo JT, Yang XH, Yang XB – Plant Disease
Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell is a tree in flowering plant family of Proteaceae native to Queensland, Australia. It has high value and is cultivated in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and Yunnan Provinces of China. Black spots that had not been previously described were observed on the husks of full-size fruits of 12 plants in Cenxi County of Guangxi Province on August 30, 2017. The fungus was identified as Calonectria pentaseptata Crous P W, Shivas R G & Wingfield M J based on morphological characters. To our knowledge, this is the first report of husk black spot on Macadamia fruits caused by C. pentaseptata. This report provides a basis for further research on biology and management of this disease.
澳洲坚果是一种原产于澳大利亚昆士兰的山龙眼科开花树种，经济价值高，在中国的广西、广东、海南和云南各省均有栽培。 2017年8月30日，在广西省岑溪市的12种植物的果实的果皮上观察到了以前没有描述的黑点。该真菌经过形态特征鉴定为丽赤壳属Calonectria pentaseptata。据悉，这是由丽赤壳属真菌引起的澳洲坚果果皮黑斑的首次报道。该报告为进一步研究该病害的生物学和控制方法提供了基础。
https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1566-PDN
Major diseases of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Malaysia
马来西亚的橡胶树的主要病害
S Mazlan, NM Jaafar, A Wahab, H Rajandas, D Zulperi – Pertaniki Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews
Rubber tree or Hevea brasiliensis (H. brasiliensis), one of the important commodity crops in the world belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. Hevea is exploited economically due to its milky latex, extracted from the tree which is commonly known as natural rubber (NR). Like any other crops, rubber tree also faced several diseases that influence rubber production. These diseases attacked four major parts of rubber tree which are the leaves, stem, panel and root area. Such diseases like Corynespora leaf fall, Southern American leaf blight (SALB) disease, abnormal leaf fall, Colletotrichum leaf disease, powdery mildew, leaf blight, brown bast, white rot disease, and brown rot disease are the major diseases that can affect global rubber productions. Hence, this review comprises the major diseases, causal agents and symptoms related to those diseases that attack the rubber tree.
巴西橡胶是大戟科的一种世界性重要商品作物。从橡胶树上提取的乳状乳胶，通常被称为天然橡胶，被用于经济生产和开发。像任何其他农作物一样，橡胶树也面临影响橡胶产量的多种病害。这些病害威胁着橡胶树的四个主要部分，即叶，茎，割胶处和根部区域。诸如棒孢落叶、南美叶枯病（SALB）、异常落叶、炭疽病、白粉病、叶枯病、褐斑病、白腐病和褐腐病等都是可能影响全球橡胶产业的病害。因此，本综述包括橡胶树的主要病害，致病因子与相关的症状。
https://pjsrr.upm.edu.my/index.php/pjsrr/article/view/215
Management of Banana Pseudostem Weevil – A Biological Approach
香蕉茎象甲的一种生物管理方法
D Das, N Borgohain, A Bhattacharyya, K Baruah – International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
The production and productivity of banana is governed by many biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, incidence of insect-pests is considered as one of the major hindrance in successful cultivation of banana. In India, about eight pests commonly infest the banana crops; but of these, the banana stem weevil (Odoiporus longicollis) is cosmopolite’s insect pest that threatens the banana cultivation. The most common management practices followed for managing this pest includes cultural practices and application of insecticides. Three years of experimentation resulted that among the bio-agents, application of B. bassiana was found to be the most effective in reducing the population of banana stem weevil. Amongst the treatments, swabbing B. bassiana on the pseudostem at 5, 6 and7 month after planting showed the best result followed by stem trapping of banana stem weevil swapped with B.bassiana @ 10ml/trap at 5 month after planting. There was 59.31 and 69.78 per cent reduction in psuedostem infestation over control at 7 months after planting and at harvest, respectively in the best treatment. However, insecticidal spray out yielded all the treatment in reducing the pest incidence and increasing the yield of banana.
香蕉的生产力和产量均受到许多生物和非生物因素的制约。在生物因素中，虫害的发生是香蕉成功种植的主要障碍之一。在印度，大约有8种害虫会危害香蕉。其中，香蕉茎象甲（Odoiporus longicollis）是威胁香蕉种植的最普遍的害虫。处理该害虫最常见的方法包括加强种植管理和杀虫剂的应用。三年的实验结果表明，在生物制剂中，应用球芽孢杆菌对减少香蕉茎象甲的种群最为有效。在处理方法中，种植后第5、6和7个月用假茎擦拭球茎芽孢杆菌表现的效果最好，在随后5个月种植期内用球茎芽孢杆菌（10 ml/陷阱）的诱捕香蕉茎象甲。最佳处理后，在播种后7个月收获时与对照相比虫害侵染分别减少了59.31％和69.78％。喷洒杀虫剂可以降低害虫的发生率并提高香蕉的产量。
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