Today we have four articles that we have read recently and enjoyed. 1. Report of an African longhorn beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambicidae) repeatedly arriving in India 2. A Brazillian study looking at a Eucalyptus pest on species that are frequently planted in Asia. 3. Microbial soil communities’ effect on a needle blight disease (Sphaeropsis sapinea) on a widely planted pine tree in China 4. A study looking at control measures for a problematic beetle that attacks Ailanthus altissima
今天，我们有四篇最近阅读的文章分享给大家。 1. 刺角楝天牛在印度被多次截获的报道。2. 巴西一项针对亚洲常见栽培树种桉树上的害虫的研究。 3.松枯梢病（Sphaeropsis sapinea）对松树土壤微生物 群落上的影响4.一项研究针对象甲袭击臭椿的控制措施的研究
Interception of live exotic species Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Tali wood imported from African countries
从进境非洲材中截获外来物种刺角楝天牛活体
Raju J, Gokulraam M, Mohan SM, Keshavamurthy GM, Nagaraju DK, Geetha S – Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Logs of Tali Erythrophleum suaveolens imported to India from African countries for uses ranging from structural material for construction to finished products like firewood, shade, ornamental (avenue tree), joinery, flooring, turnings, construction, and bridges. It is also used in boat building and marine construction. Cordylomera spinicornis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) intercepted on these logs is not known to occur in India.
香格木原木，由非洲国家进口到印度。从建筑用材到加工制品都有着广泛的用途，如用作薪柴、林荫木、行道树，制成木地板、细木工制品、车削加工品，也可用于建筑、桥梁及船只舰艇的建造。从该原木上多次被截获的刺角楝天牛在印度尚无分布报道。
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f6e4/821e1683bad86a19a238eab16aa3bc515f19.pdf
Susceptibility of eucalypt taxa to a natural infestation by Leptocybe invasa
桉树不同品种受到桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的自然侵害的敏感性
Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva, Luis Renato Junqueira, Marcio José de Araujo, Carlos Frederico Wilcken, Mario Luiz Teixeira Moraes, Rinaldo Cesar de Paula – New Forests
Recently, pest occurrence in forest plantations has been increasingly influenced by genotypes and environmental conditions such as climate change, thus impacting production negatively. In 2008, the exotic pest Leptocybe invasa (Hym: Eulophidae), known as the blue gum chalcid, was introduced in Brazil causing damage to eucalypt plantations in many regions of the country. To this end, this study evaluated the susceptibility of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (one seedlot), E. grandis (four seedlots), E. urophylla (four seedlots), and the “E. urograndis” hybrid (E. urophylla × E. grandis) (three seedlots) exposed to a natural infestation by L. invasa in two seasons (winter and summer). The attack on seedlings was classified in terms of severity as healthy (no pest attack), oviposition (only oviposition signs) and gall formation. The results show a significant higher pest incidence in summer compared to winter. Further, Eucalyptus urophylla was the least attacked and 90% of the seedlings were healthy whereas E. grandis showed the highest number of seedlings with galls. The E. urograndis hybrid showed intermediate results between the two species. The genetic control of L. invasa is possible through the selection of tolerant and resistant material, considering the species, provenance, and family.
近年来，由于基因型和环境条件（如气候变化）的影响，人工林中有害生物的发生越来越频繁，从而影响了产量。 2008年，在巴西引入了外来害虫桉树枝瘿姬小蜂，对该国许多地区的桉树人工林造成了破坏。为此，本研究评估了赤桉（1种源）、巨桉（4种源）、尾叶桉（4种源）和巨尾桉（3种源）在两个季节（冬季和夏季）都受到桉树枝瘿姬小蜂自然侵害的敏感性。按照对幼苗受侵害的严重程度分类为健康（无虫害侵袭）、产卵（仅有产卵迹象）和形成虫瘿。结果表明，夏季的虫害发生率明显高于冬季。此外，尾叶桉受到的侵害最少，90％的幼苗健康，而巨桉幼苗上虫瘿形成的数量最多。巨尾桉杂交种的结果介于巨桉和尾叶桉之间。可以通过从遗传性状优良的品种、来源和品系等来选育耐性和抗性均优的幼株。
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11056-019-09758-1
Effects of Sphaeropsis Blight on Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Zhanggutai, China
松枯梢病对中国章古台地区樟子松根际土壤细菌群落结构和土壤理化特性的影响
Saiyaremu Halifu, Xun Deng, Xiaoshuang Song, Yuning An, Ruiqing Song – Forests
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is an important tree species for ecological construction and environmental restoration owing to its rapid growth rate and excellent stress resistance. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica sphaeropsis blight is a widespread disease caused by Sphaeropsis sapinea. This study was focused on non-infected (CK) and infected (SS) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plants in Zhanggutai area, Liaoning Province, China. The correlation studies between 19 different bacterial genera and environmental factors and α-diversity indicated that bacterial genera of non-infected and infected Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were distributed differently. The bacterial genera with CK were positively correlated with soil physicochemical properties, while a negative correlation was found for SS. In conclusion, the differences in nutrient and microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica are the main causes of shoot blight disease.
樟子松由于其生长迅速和强抗逆性，是生态建设和环境恢复的重要树种。松枯梢病是一种由枯梢病菌Sphaeropsis sapinea引起的在樟子松广泛传播的病害。该项研究针对的样本为中国辽宁省章古台地区的未感病（CK）和感病（SS）樟子松。 通过对19个不同细菌属与环境因子及α多样性的相关性研究表明，未感病和感病樟子松根际土壤的细菌群落分布不同，且 CK的细菌群落数量与土壤理化性质呈正相关，而SS的呈负相关。综上所述，樟子松根际土壤养分和微生物群落结构的差异是引起枯梢病的主要原因。
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/11/954/pdf
Efficacy of Trunk Trap Nets and Insecticides Applied Alone and in Combination for Control of Tree-of-heaven Root Weevil Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus in Ailanthus altissima Plantations
单独或联合使用树干诱捕网和杀虫剂对臭椿人工林中沟眶象的防控功效
Kailang Yang, Junbao Wen – Forests
In Northern China, the tree-of-heaven root weevil (TRW), Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious borer pest of Ailanthus altissima (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) (tree-of-heaven) is an important tree species for landscapes and afforestation. This study evaluates the efficacy of trunk trap nets (TTN), thiacloprid spray (TS), and cypermethrin spray (CS) alone, and in combination with TTN and thiacloprid or cypermethrin spray (TTNTS or TTNCS) for controlling TRW in A. altissima plantations in 2016–2018 in three sites (Haojiaqiao, Wutongshu, and Taojiajuan), which are located near Lingwu city in Ningxia, China. TTN, TTNTS, and TTNCS treatments significantly reduce marked TRW captures (more than 93% with respect to the untreated trees) and wild TRW captures in population monitoring trunk trap nets (MTTN) deployed in stands (more than 55% with respect to the untreated trees). Further field trials demonstrate that these TTN, TTNTS, and TTNCS treatments significantly reduce damage to A. altissima in stands; there are no significant differences between TTN and combination treatments. In addition, significantly more TRW are captured in MTTN within Taojiajuan than within Haojiaqiao or Wutongshu in field trials 2018. There were no significant differences between sites in 2016 and 2017. This study indicates that the TS and CS treatments used had very little to no impact on TRW populations and tree health in the timeframe examined. TTN alone is clearly effective for suppressing populations of TRW and stabilizing A. altissima tree health. This physical control technique, using TTN, could be sufficient to manage TRW on tree-of-heaven with no insecticide.
在中国北方地区，沟眶象(TRW)是具有景观和绿化树种臭椿上的一种严重的蛀干害虫。该项研究评估了2016–2018年中国宁夏灵武市附近的三个样点（郝家桥、梧桐树、陶家圈）在臭椿人工林中单独使用树干诱捕网（TTN）、噻虫啉喷剂（TS）和氯氰菊酯喷剂（CS），以及TTNTS或TTNCS联合使用对TRW的防治效果。 TTN，TTNTS和TTNCS处理显著降低了分布在林分中的种群监测主干网（MTTN）中TRW捕获量。相对于未经处理的树，经过处理的有超过93％的TRW被捕获，野外监测的TRW捕获量超过55％。进一步的田间试验表明，这些TTN，TTNTS和TTNCS处理显著降低了对林分中臭椿的伤害。 TTN和联合杀虫剂使用之间没有显著差异。此外，2018年的田间试验中，陶家圈内的MTTN中捕获的TRW明显多于郝家桥或梧桐树中捕获量。2016年和2017年的样点之间没有显著差异。该项研究表明，使用TS和CS处理几乎没有影响到监测的时间范围内TRW虫口数量和树木健康状况。单独使用TTN显然可以有效抑制TRW种群并保护臭椿的健康。使用TTN的物理防控技术足以在没有杀虫剂的情况下管控臭椿上的TRW危害。
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/11/972/pdf
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