Today we have one news item as well as three articles that we have enjoyed reading recently. 1. First record of the Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) on a Chinese pine situated in New York, USA 2. Anthracnose affecting Persimmon tree in China 3. An Australian article about drought stress and herbivorous insects. 4. First report of Cytospora canker on Sorbus
今天，我们分享1个专题和3篇文章。 1.关于美国纽约的一棵中国松树上南方松大小蠹(Dendroctonus frontalis)的首次记录；2.炭疽病对中国柿树的影响；3.在澳大利亚的食草性昆虫对干旱胁迫的响应； 4. 花楸溃疡病的首次报道。
Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) found on Asian pines in USA
在美国的亚洲松树上发现了南方松大小蠹(Dendroctonus frontalis)
Dr. M Bohne (USDA Forest Service) – The talk was entitled “Developing new surveys for exotic wood inhabiting insects in urban environments”
Last week I attended the USDA invasive pest conference in Annapolis, USA. In one of the presentations a researcher in New York surveyed arboreta looking for invasive forestry pests. Two reports were particularly interesting. Dendroctonus frontalis (the southern pine beetle) was found in two Asian pine trees, Pinus thunbergii, and P. bungeana. I believe this is the first know record of a Chinese pine being attacked. This beetle species is a major pest in the Southeastern USA and not a beetle we want invading into new areas. Manuscript is pending, I will try to share this when it is published. The picture below is from the talk.
上周，我参加了在美国安那波利斯市举办的美国农业部(USDA) 入侵有害生物会议。 报告中，一位研究人员在纽约的树木园进行了入侵性森林害虫的调查。发现南方松大小蠹出现在两种亚洲松树上，黑松Pinus thunbergii和白皮松P. bungeana。这是其危害中国松树的首个记录。 该小蠹是美国东南部的主要害虫，我们不希望看到它入侵到新地区。 正式稿件发表时我再分享给大家。下图来自会议。
Morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Colletotrichum horii infecting persimmon tree in China
侵染柿子树的炭疽病菌的形态特征和遗传多样性
Quan-en Deng, Xiang-yang Ding, Jian-an Li, Lin-kai Cui, Jian-qiang Xu – European Journal of Plant Pathology
Anthracnose is the most devastating disease affecting persimmon (Diospyros kaki ) cultivars in China, and is caused by the pathogen recently identified as Colletotrichum horii. In this study, the symptoms of anthracnose in persimmon fruits and trees in China, and the morphological characteristics of C. horii, were observed and recorded. Thirty simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for C. horii were developed from the whole genome of the closely related species C. gloeosporioides, which is available from the GenBank database. The result indicated there was genetic diversity in the C. horii population in China. There was an obvious correlation between the cluster groups and the sites from which the samples were isolated. The results of this study will facilitate a more detailed understanding of the population structure of C. horii in China.
在中国，炭疽病是对柿子破坏性很强，最近被鉴定是由八角炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum horii)所引起的。 本研究观察并记录了中国柿树的感病症状及炭疽病菌的形态特征。 通过研究GenBank数据库中近似种芒果炭疽病菌(C. gloeosporioides)的全基因组，我们找出八角炭疽病菌(C.horii)的30种简单重复序列 (SSR)标记。 结果表明，中国八角炭疽病菌具有遗传多样性。 群组与分离样品的位点之间存在明显的相关性。 这项研究的结果将有助于更详细地了解中国八角炭疽病菌的种群结构。
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10658-019-01893-x
How do herbivorous insects respond to drought stress in trees?
草食性昆虫如何应对树木的干旱胁迫？
Claire Gely, Susan G.W. Laurance, Nigel E. Stork – Biological Reviews
Increased frequency and severity of drought, as a result of climate change, is expected to drive critical changes in plant–insect interactions that may elevate rates of tree mortality. The mechanisms that link water stress in plants to insect performance are not well understood. Here, we build on previous reviews and develop a framework that incorporates the severity and longevity of drought and captures the plant physiological adjustments that follow moderate and severe drought. Using this framework, we investigate in greater depth how insect performance responds to increasing drought severity for: (i) different feeding guilds; (ii) flush feeders and senescence feeders; (iii) specialist and generalist insect herbivores; and (iv) temperate versus tropical forest communities. We suggest that future research on the impact of drought on insect communities should include (i) assessing how drought‐induced changes in various plant traits, such as secondary compound concentrations and leaf water potential, affect herbivores; (ii) food web implications for other insects and those that feed on them; and (iii) interactions between the effects on insects of increasing drought and other forms of environmental change including rising temperatures and CO2 levels.
由于气候变化，愈加严重和频繁的干旱将引起植物与昆虫互作的重要变化，从而可能导致树木死亡率的提高。植物中的水分胁迫与昆虫行为相互关联的机制尚未明晰。我们以先前的研究为基础进行模型的构建，该框架模型结合了干旱的严重程度和寿命，并参考了中度和重度干旱后的植物生理调节等参数。应用此模型，我们可以更深入地调查以下情况下昆虫行为对干旱加剧的反应：(i)不同的觅食区； (ii)旺盛期和衰老期； (iii)专食性和广食性食草昆虫； (iv)温带与热带林区。我们建议，关于干旱对昆虫群落影响的进一步研究应包括：(i)评估干旱引起的各种植物性状(例如次要化合物浓度和叶水势)变化对食草动物的影响；(ii)食物网对其他昆虫及以其为食的昆虫的影响； (iii)干旱加剧对昆虫的影响与其他形式的环境变化(包括温度升高和二氧化碳水平)之间的相互作用。
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12571
Identification of pathogen of Cytospora canker of Sorbus
花楸溃疡病菌的鉴定
Cheng DeHao, Jia HaNoi, Liu XueFeng, Dong AiRong – Journal of Northeast Forestry University
With Sorbus pohuashanensis bark rot from the campus of Northeast Forestry University, the pathogens were isolated and refined by tissue separation, tested by the Koch’s postulation methods, and identified by morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS). Pathogenicity test showed that S. pohuashanensis isolates caused the symptoms originally observed on those of naturally infected plants, and ITS sequences were 99% homologous to Leucostoma persoonii . as determined by a BLAST search in the NCBI database. So, the causal fungus was identified as L. persoonii, and its anamorphic species is Cytospora leucostoma. This represents the first report of the disease and the pathogen in China.
东北林业大学校园的花椒腐烂树皮样本，通过组织分离和纯化、柯赫氏法则、形态特征和ITS进行病原菌的鉴定。致病性测试表明，分离菌株引起了最初在植物上自然感染观察到的症状。通过NCBI数据库中的BLAST比对确定，其ITS序列与白孔座壳菌(Leucostoma persoonii)具有99％的同源性。因此，该病原真菌被鉴定为白孔座壳菌(L. persoonii)，其变种为核果壳囊孢菌(Cytospora leucostoma)。这是该病和病原菌在中国的首次报道。
http://dlxb.nefu.edu.cn/oa/DArticle.aspx?type=view&id=5440
We would love to hear your recommendations for papers that you have enjoyed reading recently. If you have recently published a paper, send us a link! We would be happy to share your research with our community
如果您想推荐您最近发表或阅读过论文，可以发送链接给我们！ 我们很高兴听到您对最近阅读论文的建议，并乐于在社群分享您的研究。